CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND BOTANY
4. Explain the nature of the following compounds, (1) Double chlorides, (2) Chlorosulphides,
O R D I N A R Y EXAMINATIONS, O.T. 1867. Iv
of Mars at his opposition it is 8"-93 ; taking the radius of the earth to be 4000 miles calculate the distance of the sun according to each of these' values;
20. State Kepler's Laws and the inferences deduced
Ivi EXAMINATION P A P E R S ,
5. How would you determine whether a crystalline mineral had one or two optic axes, and in what crystalline systems do they occur respectively ? 6. How is the hardness of minerals ascertained and
expressed ? Give the number and mineralogical name of each of the several parts of the scale in common use.
7. The common ore of Lead, Galena, often occurs in octahedral crystals with the edges and solid angles truncated; how many " Fundamental F o r m s "
are combined in such a crystal, what are the symbols of each, and how would you ascertain which of them was the " Primary Form " of the mineral ?
V
8. One of the commonest ores of Iron often occurs in Hemitetrahexahedrons; what are the symbols for the faces of such a form according to the notations , of Miller and of Naumann respectively ?
9. Describe all the structural modifications of inte- guments of Plants, including Epidermis, Stomata, Glands, &c.
10. Describe all the different kinds of vascular tissues, with their usual relative positions in different parts of plants.
11. Describe all the kinds of Raphides, and give ex- amples of the Plants in which each occurs.
12. What are the general characters and principal modifications of form and structural details of the roots of plants ?
ORDINARY EXAMINATIONS, O.T. 1867. Ivii
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND ZOOLOGY.
{Professor McCoy.)
1. Describe as fully as you can the anatomical and physiological characters of the Amorphozoa, and give the reasons for uniting them with certain other groups in the modern division Protozoa.
2. What characters are common to the Antipathacea, Madreporacea, and Madrephyllacca; how do they differ from each other and from the Zoophytaria?
3. Give the anatomical structure, stages of develop- ment and metamorphoses, and the systematic subdivisions of the Trematoda.
4. Contrast the structural details of the internal and external parts of the Asterim and the Echinidrc.
5. What are the general anatomical characters of the Homogangliata and the special characters of the five classes into which it is divided?
6. Contrast the anatomical and. systematic external characters of Earthworms and Leeches.
7. Describe all the parts of the mouth, whether suc- torial ormandibulate, of the Inseeta, and state the orders in which each is found.
8. How are the Crustacea distinguished from other Articulata ? • •
e 3
1VI11 EXAMINATION P A P E R S ,
9. By what anatomical characters are the Mollusca distinguished from each of the other subkingdoms of the other Invertebrata?
10. Define the classes of the Mollusca.
11. Describe the digestive and muscular systems.of the chief divisions of the Palliobranchiata.
12. .Contrast the external and anatomical characters of the Acetabulifera and Tentaculifera amongst the Cephalopoda.
o
GEOLOGY.
{Professor McCoy.)
1. How can the formation of the older (Palaeozoic and Mesozoic) Limestones be explained ?
State fully the methods to he observed in making a geological examination of a strange country in the field, the plotting of the observations so as to form a geological map, and the subsequent forma- tion' of geological sections, stating the methods of using-all the instruments required and the precautions to be taken in each step.
3. Describe the geological place and modes of forma- tion of the principal kinds of concretions.
ORDINARY EXAMINATIONS, O.T. 1867. l i x
4. Explain clearly how certain lines of elevation of mountain chains are shewn to be contemporaneous.
o. What are the general characteristics of "cleavage planes," and how are they distinguished from all the other kinds of planes occurring in rock masses ? 0 . What genera of fossils would enable you to dis- criminate Tertiary, Cretaceous, Triassic, and Devonian Rocks from each other ? •
7 . What are the genera of fishes occurring in the
" cornstone and marl" division of the Old Red Sandstone, the " Dipterus-flags," and the Upper Sandstone and Conglomerates of the Devonian Period, and how are they characterised ?
8 . What are the physical appearances characteristic of the Glacial Period in European Geology ? 9. What formations are marked by Hemipneustet,
Ptychoceras, Hylceosaurus, Pliosaurus, Teleo- sausus, Placodus, Cochliodus, Calceola and Dip-
• lacanthus respectively ?
10. Describe the mode of formation and filling of the different kinds of mineral veins, and the methods of determining their relative ages.
Ix EXAMINATION P A P E R S ,
A N C I E N T H I S T O R Y .
{Professor H e a m . )1. " A b illo tempore plane hoc tertium corpus in re- publica factum est, cospitque adjici Senatui Popu- loque Romano et equester ordo."
What was the time to which reference is here made, and what were the events that led to the change thus indicated ?
•
2. "/Egyptum copiasque quibus coerceretur, jam inde a Divo Augusto, Equitcs Romani obtinent loco regum."
Explain the peculiarity in the Government of Egypt and the reasons for it. What is the mean- ing of the term " D i v u s " as applied to Roman Emperors ?
3. " Portoriis Italiae sublatis, agro Campano diviso, quod vectigal superat domesticum praeter vice- simam."
Explain the technical terms here used. State the occasion on. which the events mentioned and also the original imposition of the " vicesima"
respectively occurred.
4^--Explain the distinction as to their legal conse- quences between a marriage cum conventione and a marriage sine conventione.
6. Describe the organization of the Italian con- federacy in the Social War. What was its chief town and who were its principal leaders ?
ORDINARY E X A M I N A T I O N S , O.T. 1867. Ixi
6. State the causes that produced the Piratic Power and the circumstances of its destruction.
7. What were the two principal races that in the proconsulate of Caesar occupied Gaul north of the Garonne ?
8. " T h u s for the first time the civil policy of the republic was openly discussed and ratified by the legions."
What is the event to which reference is here made and what was its date ?
9. State briefly the circumstances of the accession of Septimius Severus.
10. Who were the most dangerous enemies of Rome during the reigns of Valerian and Gallienus ? 11. What were the functions of the Imperial officer
styled " The Count of the Sacred Largesses " ? Explain fully the meaning of the title.
12. Enumerate the cities which at different times were respectively considered as the metropolis of Italy.
I x i i EXAMINATION P A P E R S ,
HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
{Professor H e a m . )
Explain and comment upon the following passages in the works of Lord Macaulay.
1. " T h e day of that prorogation, the twenty-sixth of May, 1679, is a great era in our history."—His- tory, I. 248 (Ed. 1856).
2. " There were few things which such an Assembly [i.e. the House of Commons of James I I . ] could pertinaciously refuse to the Sovereign ; and hap- pily for the nation those few things were the very things on which James had set his heart."—II. 3.
3. " T h e acquittal of the Bishops was not the only event which makes the thirtieth of June, 1688, a great epoch in history."—lb. 391.
4. " The year 1689 is not a less important epoch in the Ecclesiastical than in the Civil history of - England."—III. 69 (Ed. 1855).
5. " T h e movement against the last King of the House of Stuart was in England conservative, in Scotland destructive."—/*. 246.
6. "The Whigs had already begun to look for guidance to a small knot of distinguished men which was long afterwards widely known by the name of the Junto."—IV. 446.
ORDINARY EXAMINATIONS, O.T. 1867. Ixiii 7. "-That [20 Oct., 1696] was the proudest day of
Montague's life, and one of the proudest days in the history of the British Parliament."—lb. 726.
,8. " Few persons are aware how remarkable an epoch the general election of 1698 is in the history of the English Constitution."—V. 123 (Ed. 1861).
9. " On tbe great question which divided England , during the last four years of Anne's-reign, the Tories were in the right, and the Whigs in the wrong."—Essays (Ed. 1849), I I . 91.
10. " T h e party opposed to Walpole, while they stim- ulated the popular fury to the highest point, were at no pains to direct it aright."—lb. 132.
11. " Thus these two men [the elder Pitt and the Duke of Newcastle], so unlike in character, so lately mortal enemies, were necessary to each other."—
l b . 190.
12. " M r . Pitt's first administration lasted seventeen years'. That long period is divided by a strongly marked line into two almost exactly equal parts."
—Miscel. Writings, I I . 340.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL HISTORY.
{Professor Hearn.) 1. What is the Cabinet?
1X1V EXAMINATION P A P E R S ,
2. Why was Responsible Government established in the colonies by Prerogative and not expressly by Act of Parliament ?
3. Explain the efficacy of a Resolution of either House of Parliament.
4. What is the nature of Impeachment under the Constitution of the United States ?
5. Why is there no provision in the Constitution of the United States analogous to .that in English law for the removal of Judges on Address ? 6. Why does Parliament express its disapprobation
of Ministers more frequently than its approbation ? 7. W h a t is the reason of the rule that all money
grants must be recommended by the Crown ? 8. What is the reason of the rule that no person may
represent two constituencies at the same time ? 9. Explain the practice of accepting the Chiltern
Hundreds.
10. What may be regarded as the fundamental and enduring characteristics of the House of Com- mons ?
11. At what time and in what manner was the organ- ization of our legal system completed ?
12. What was the original organ of the English Government ?
ORDINARY E X A M I N A T I O N S , O.T. 1867. I x v
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
{Professor Hearn.)
1. What are the conditions of success in extensive co-operation ?
2. Shew that man proceeds from forces of an inferior , to those of. a superior potency.
•3. State some of the positive causes of poverty.
4. In what circumstances only is the union of the functions of manufacturers and those of retailers . convenient ?
5. Shew that a tax on raw materials tends to limit national industry.'
G. What is the relation between "natural value" and
" market value," and how does Mr. Mill illustrate that relation ?
7. Bastiat mentions " four melancholy theories"
which make part of our general " theory of dis- sonances." What are the theories to which he refers 1
8. What element in the problem of population does Bastiat allege that Malthus has neglected ? 9. What does Bastiat mean by the term service, and
what does he regard as the advantages of its use ?
Ixvi EXAMINATION PAPERS,