164
165
Table C.2 - Disturbed features and associated metadata at Waimangu geothermal field. This subset of samples were taken from Waimangu Stream and Inferno Crater Lake, before (August 2013) and during (October 2013) an overflow of hydrothermal fluid from Inferno Crater Lake into the stream.
Accessions for sample sequences are also included.
Sample ID Study accession Run accession Feature name Geothermal field Date pH Temp (°C) OTU Richness Shannon
P1.0027 PRJEB24353 ERR2240153 Waimangu Stream Feature 2 Waimangu Aug 2013 5.9 49.1 178 2.7
P1.0110 PRJEB55115 ERR10020313 Waimangu Stream Feature 2 Waimangu Oct 2013 6.1 48.8 191 2.4
P1.0028 PRJEB24353 ERR2240154 Waimangu Stream Feature 3 Waimangu Aug 2013 6.5 49.8 176 2.6
P1.0109 PRJEB55115 ERR10020312 Waimangu Stream Feature 3 Waimangu Oct 2013 6.7 48.5 221 2.4
P1.0037 PRJEB24353 ERR2240163 Inferno Crater Lake Waimangu Aug 2013 2.4 41.0 51 1.8
P1.0108 PRJEB55115 ERR10020311 Inferno Crater Lake Waimangu Oct 2013 2.6 69.1 42 1.6
P1.0029 PRJEB24353 ERR2240155 Waimangu Stream Feature 4 Waimangu Aug 2013 6.7 49.9 221 2.8
P1.0107 PRJEB55115 ERR10020310 Waimangu Stream Feature 4 Waimangu Oct 2013 3.0 56.6 324 3.4
P1.0030 PRJEB24353 ERR2240156 Waimangu Stream Feature 5 Waimangu Aug 2013 7.4 49.6 224 3.0
P1.0106 PRJEB55115 ERR10020309 Waimangu Stream Feature 5 Waimangu Oct 2013 3.0 55.2 248 2.8 P1.0032 PRJEB24353 ERR2240158 Waimangu Stream Feature 6 Waimangu Aug 2013 7.4 37.0 1049 3.9 P1.0105 PRJEB55115 ERR10020308 Waimangu Stream Feature 6 Waimangu Oct 2013 6.5 39.5 1191 4.8
P1.0031 PRJEB24353 ERR2240157 Waimangu Stream Feature 7 Waimangu Aug 2013 6.9 33.7 848 3.8
P1.0104 PRJEB55115 ERR10020307 Waimangu Stream Feature 7 Waimangu Oct 2013 6.6 34.2 834 4.5
166
Table C.3 - Disturbed features and associated metadata at Waikite geothermal field. These features were analysed before and after a long-term, anthropogenic disturbance was introduced to a geothermal wetland undergoing rehabilitation. Accessions for sample sequences are included.
Sample ID
Study
accession Run accession Feature name Description
Geothermal
field Date pH
Temp (°C)
OTU
richness Shannon P1.0130 PRJEB24353 ERR2240240 Waikite Restoration Feature 3 Stream upgradient Waikite Dec 2013 8.6 44.3 766 4.5 P1.0171 PRJEB55115 ERR10020316 Waikite Restoration Feature 3 Stream upgradient Waikite Jan 2014 8.4 39.9 906 4.2 P1.1004 PRJEB55115 ERR10020329 Waikite Restoration Feature 3 Stream upgradient Waikite Apr 2015 8.5 37.8 1358 5.3 P1.1017 PRJEB55115 ERR10020337 Waikite Restoration Feature 3 Stream upgradient Waikite Oct 2016 8.3 39.5 805 4.1 P1.0131 PRJEB24353 ERR2240241 Waikite Restoration Feature 4 Wetland - inlet Waikite Dec 2013 8.5 47.2 1118 4.8 P1.0172 PRJEB55115 ERR10020317 Waikite Restoration Feature 4 Wetland - inlet Waikite Jan 2014 8.4 42.2 1308 5.0 P1.1005 PRJEB55115 ERR10020330 Waikite Restoration Feature 4 Wetland - inlet Waikite Apr 2015 8.3 39.0 1709 5.6 P1.1016 PRJEB55115 ERR10020336 Waikite Restoration Feature 4 Wetland - inlet Waikite Oct 2016 8.1 41.3 1030 4.2 P1.0132 PRJEB24353 ERR2240242 Waikite Restoration Feature 5 Wetland - hot Waikite Dec 2013 8.4 70.0 999 5.1 P1.0173 PRJEB55115 ERR10020318 Waikite Restoration Feature 5 Wetland - hot Waikite Jan 2014 8.4 67.9 826 5.1 P1.1007 PRJEB55115 ERR10020332 Waikite Restoration Feature 5 Wetland - hot Waikite Apr 2015 8.2 65.7 887 4.8 P1.1015 PRJEB55115 ERR10020335 Waikite Restoration Feature 5 Wetland - hot Waikite Oct 2016 8.1 65.5 667 4.4 P1.0133 PRJEB24353 ERR2240243 Waikite Restoration Feature 6 Wetland - warm Waikite Dec 2013 8.3 53.2 762 4.4 P1.0174 PRJEB55115 ERR10020319 Waikite Restoration Feature 6 Wetland - warm Waikite Jan 2014 8.3 43.8 1606 5.9 P1.1002 PRJEB55115 ERR10020327 Waikite Restoration Feature 6 Wetland - warm Waikite Apr 2015 7.7 23.3 2613 6.2 P1.1014 PRJEB55115 ERR10020334 Waikite Restoration Feature 6 Wetland - warm Waikite Oct 2016 7.5 29.9 1138 5.2 P1.0135 PRJEB24353 ERR2240245 Waikite Restoration Feature 8 Wetland - outlet Waikite Dec 2013 8.6 46.0 1375 5.5 P1.0176 PRJEB55115 ERR10020320 Waikite Restoration Feature 8 Wetland - outlet Waikite Jan 2014 8.6 42.8 1509 5.6 P1.1001 PRJEB55115 ERR10020326 Waikite Restoration Feature 8 Wetland - outlet Waikite Apr 2015 7.7 27.5 2877 7.0 P1.1013 PRJEB55115 ERR10020333 Waikite Restoration Feature 8 Wetland - outlet Waikite Oct 2016 7.6 26.0 1242 4.4 P1.0129 PRJEB24353 ERR2240239 Waikite Restoration Feature 2 Pig Scorcher Waikite Dec 2013 7.2 95.8 189 2.7 P1.0170 PRJEB55115 ERR10020315 Waikite Restoration Feature 2 Pig Scorcher Waikite Jan 2014 7.2 93.8 277 2.4 P1.1003 PRJEB55115 ERR10020328 Waikite Restoration Feature 2 Pig Scorcher Waikite Apr 2015 7.1 87.2 135 0.9 P1.0181 PRJEB24353 ERR2240282 Waikite Restoration Feature 13 Big Spring Waikite Jan 2014 7.5 96.5 284 3.9 P1.1006 PRJEB55115 ERR10020331 Waikite Restoration Feature 13 Big Spring Waikite Apr 2015 7.4 94.5 411 4.0
167
Table C.4 - pH features and associated metadata. Samples were taken from 12 geothermal features across the pH range commonly found in features from the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), Aotearoa-New Zealand (pH groups 3, 5, 7, and 9). All features had a similar temperature range of ~60-70 °C. Accessions for sample sequences are also included.
Sample ID Study accession Run accession Feature name pH group Geothermal field Date pH Temp (°C) Richness Shannon
P2.0019 PRJEB55115 ERR10020352 Whakarewarewa Feature 53 3 Rotorua Feb 2016 3.0 60.1 39 1.1
P2.0024 PRJEB55115 ERR10020355 Whakarewarewa Feature 53 3 Rotorua Apr 2016 3.1 59.1 41 2.2
P2.0036 PRJEB55115 ERR10020367 Whakarewarewa Feature 53 3 Rotorua Jun 2016 3.1 57.2 37 1.6
P2.0048 PRJEB55115 ERR10020379 Whakarewarewa Feature 53 3 Rotorua Aug 2016 3.0 50.8 30 1.8
P2.0060 PRJEB55115 ERR10020391 Whakarewarewa Feature 53 3 Rotorua Oct 2016 2.9 53.0 28 1.6
P2.0017 PRJEB55115 ERR10020351 Whakarewarewa Feature 51 3 Rotorua Feb 2016 3.3 70.3 24 1.3
P2.0026 PRJEB55115 ERR10020357 Whakarewarewa Feature 51 3 Rotorua Apr 2016 3.6 67.1 25 1.6
P2.0038 PRJEB55115 ERR10020369 Whakarewarewa Feature 51 3 Rotorua Jun 2016 4.0 66.3 27 1.7
P2.0050 PRJEB55115 ERR10020381 Whakarewarewa Feature 51 3 Rotorua Aug 2016 4.6 60.0 45 2.1
P2.0062 PRJEB55115 ERR10020393 Whakarewarewa Feature 51 3 Rotorua Oct 2016 4.8 60.6 39 1.5
P2.0023 PRJEB55115 ERR10020354 Te Puia Feature 11 3 Rotorua Apr 2016 2.4 67.4 21 1.3
P2.0035 PRJEB55115 ERR10020366 Te Puia Feature 11 3 Rotorua Jun 2016 2.5 66.1 23 1.2
P2.0047 PRJEB55115 ERR10020378 Te Puia Feature 11 3 Rotorua Aug 2016 2.6 61.8 16 1.0
P2.0059 PRJEB55115 ERR10020390 Te Puia Feature 11 3 Rotorua Oct 2016 2.5 64.0 19 0.9
P2.0002 PRJEB55115 ERR10020339 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Dec 2015 4.6 64.9 33 0.9
P2.0012 PRJEB55115 ERR10020347 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Feb 2016 4.6 67.5 36 0.9
P2.0032 PRJEB55115 ERR10020363 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Apr 2016 5.0 67.2 40 1.3
P2.0044 PRJEB55115 ERR10020375 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Jun 2016 4.9 67.0 34 1.1
P2.0056 PRJEB55115 ERR10020387 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Aug 2016 4.7 65.6 32 1.1
P2.0068 PRJEB55115 ERR10020399 Waiotapu No.16 Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Oct 2016 4.7 68.0 35 1.2
P2.0003 PRJEB55115 ERR10020340 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Dec 2015 5.1 59.4 90 1.4
P2.0011 PRJEB55115 ERR10020346 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Feb 2016 4.8 67.9 48 1.0
P2.0033 PRJEB55115 ERR10020364 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Apr 2016 4.9 66.5 63 1.3
P2.0045 PRJEB55115 ERR10020376 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Jun 2016 4.8 64.7 87 1.7
P2.0057 PRJEB55115 ERR10020388 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Aug 2016 4.7 66.9 74 1.4
168
Sample ID Study accession Run accession Feature name pH group Geothermal field Date pH Temp (°C) Richness Shannon
P2.0069 PRJEB55115 ERR10020400 Artist's Palette Feature 1 5 Waiotapu Oct 2016 4.8 71.9 57 1.6
P2.0006 PRJEB55115 ERR10020342 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Dec 2015 5.2 59.2 70 1.9
P2.0015 PRJEB55115 ERR10020350 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Feb 2016 5.2 61.0 73 1.8
P2.0031 PRJEB55115 ERR10020362 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Apr 2016 5.3 56.6 90 2.0
P2.0043 PRJEB55115 ERR10020374 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Jun 2016 5.0 51.7 138 2.2
P2.0055 PRJEB55115 ERR10020386 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Aug 2016 4.9 45.8 119 1.8
P2.0067 PRJEB55115 ERR10020398 Kuirau Park Feature 60 5 Rotorua Oct 2016 4.5 51.3 88 1.8
P2.0001 PRJEB55115 ERR10020338 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Dec 2015 7.6 63.3 123 2.5
P2.0010 PRJEB55115 ERR10020345 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Feb 2016 7.3 65.3 114 2.2
P2.0028 PRJEB55115 ERR10020359 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Apr 2016 7.1 63.8 90 2.0
P2.0040 PRJEB55115 ERR10020371 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Jun 2016 7.1 61.0 129 2.8
P2.0052 PRJEB55115 ERR10020383 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Aug 2016 7.1 60.8 147 3.0
P2.0064 PRJEB55115 ERR10020395 Whangapoa Feature 1 7 Atiamuri Oct 2016 7.6 62.7 122 2.7
P2.0013 PRJEB55115 ERR10020348 Kuirau Park Feature 87 7 Rotorua Feb 2016 6.6 63.8 196 2.3
P2.0029 PRJEB55115 ERR10020360 Kuirau Park Feature 87 7 Rotorua Apr 2016 6.9 61.4 171 1.4
P2.0041 PRJEB55115 ERR10020372 Kuirau Park Feature 87 7 Rotorua Jun 2016 7.1 57.5 380 3.3
P2.0053 PRJEB55115 ERR10020384 Kuirau Park Feature 87 7 Rotorua Aug 2016 6.6 62.0 306 2.4
P2.0065 PRJEB55115 ERR10020396 Kuirau Park Feature 87 7 Rotorua Oct 2016 6.8 58.5 329 2.5
P2.0005 PRJEB55115 ERR10020341 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Dec 2015 7.1 70.6 101 1.4
P2.0014 PRJEB55115 ERR10020349 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Feb 2016 7.3 72.4 64 1.5
P2.0030 PRJEB55115 ERR10020361 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Apr 2016 7.1 71.4 138 1.8
P2.0042 PRJEB55115 ERR10020373 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Jun 2016 7.3 68.7 141 2.8
P2.0054 PRJEB55115 ERR10020385 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Aug 2016 7.0 67.9 151 2.8
P2.0066 PRJEB55115 ERR10020397 Kuirau Park Feature 101 7 Rotorua Oct 2016 7.2 68.3 133 2.2
P2.0007 PRJEB55115 ERR10020343 Whakarewarewa Feature 45 9 Rotorua Dec 2015 8.9 69.5 219 3.2
P2.0025 PRJEB55115 ERR10020356 Whakarewarewa Feature 45 9 Rotorua Apr 2016 9.0 66.2 175 3.1
P2.0037 PRJEB55115 ERR10020368 Whakarewarewa Feature 45 9 Rotorua Jun 2016 8.7 64.7 201 3.1
P2.0049 PRJEB55115 ERR10020380 Whakarewarewa Feature 45 9 Rotorua Aug 2016 8.7 64.5 232 3.4
P2.0061 PRJEB55115 ERR10020392 Whakarewarewa Feature 45 9 Rotorua Oct 2016 8.8 65.5 254 3.2
169
Sample ID Study accession Run accession Feature name pH group Geothermal field Date pH Temp (°C) Richness Shannon
P2.0009 PRJEB55115 ERR10020344 Whakarewarewa Feature 1 9 Rotorua Dec 2015 8.3 63.4 101 1.9
P2.0027 PRJEB55115 ERR10020358 Whakarewarewa Feature 1 9 Rotorua Apr 2016 8.4 61.1 168 2.9
P2.0039 PRJEB55115 ERR10020370 Whakarewarewa Feature 1 9 Rotorua Jun 2016 8.0 70.3 108 2.5
P2.0051 PRJEB55115 ERR10020382 Whakarewarewa Feature 1 9 Rotorua Aug 2016 7.8 78.1 105 2.5
P2.0063 PRJEB55115 ERR10020394 Whakarewarewa Feature 1 9 Rotorua Oct 2016 8.4 80.6 102 2.3
P2.0022 PRJEB55115 ERR10020353 Ohaaki Feature 2 9 Ohaaki Apr 2016 9.0 70.3 31 0.9
P2.0034 PRJEB55115 ERR10020365 Ohaaki Feature 2 9 Ohaaki Jun 2016 8.9 66.5 48 1.1
P2.0046 PRJEB55115 ERR10020377 Ohaaki Feature 2 9 Ohaaki Aug 2016 8.4 65.0 43 1.1
P2.0058 PRJEB55115 ERR10020389 Ohaaki Feature 2 9 Ohaaki Oct 2016 9.0 67.9 77 1.7
170
Table C.5 - Variation in physicochemistry, alpha diversity and taxon relative abundance of control geothermal features. Variation is presented as standard deviation (SD) from the mean of values measured for pH, temperature (°C), OTU richness, Shannon diversity index, and dominant taxa (>1 % average relative abundance across all samples in this category). Alpha diversity and relative abundances of taxa were calculated via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from these ecosystems.
Geothermal feature Wairakei Wairakei Wairakei Radiata Champagne
Feature 5 Feature 13 Feature 14 Pool Pool
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
pH 8.3 0.2 8.4 0.2 8.4 0.2 7.6 0.2 5.3 0.1
Temperature (°C) 91.0 2.8 64.2 1.8 96.0 1.1 61.7 2.3 74.0 1.6 OTU richness 106.5 51.6 209.0 24.0 174.5 78.5 276.5 41.7 61.8 13.4
Shannon index 1.7 0.7 3.4 0.4 2.2 0.5 3.3 0.3 1.6 0.4
Aquificota (%) 96.1 2.8 10.3 3.9 71.8 3.8 60.0 8.0 95.9 2.5
Armatimonadota (%) 0.0 0.0 7.5 7.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bacteroidota (%) 0.7 1.0 18.5 4.3 13.1 16.7 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.0
Chlorobiota (%) 0.0 0.0 8.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 5.9 2.1 0.0 0.0
Chloroflexota (%) 0.0 0.1 16.3 5.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0
Deinococcota (%) 0.5 0.5 20.9 5.6 7.7 9.9 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0
Pseudomonadota (%) 1.3 1.2 7.8 2.4 4.4 2.0 5.0 0.5 0.2 0.1
Thermodesulfobacteriota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 5.2 0.8 1.9 1.6
171
Table C.6 - Variation in physicochemistry, alpha diversity and taxon relative abundance of Waimangu geothermal features. Variation is presented as standard deviation (SD) from the mean of values measured for pH, temperature (°C), OTU richness, Shannon diversity index, and dominant taxa (>1 % average relative abundance across all samples in this category). Alpha diversity and relative abundances of taxa were calculated via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from these ecosystems.
Geothermal feature Waimangu Waimangu Inferno Waimangu Waimangu Waimangu Waimangu Feature 2 Feature 3 Crater Lake Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
pH 6.0 0.1 6.6 0.1 2.5 0.1 4.9 2.6 5.2 3.1 6.9 0.6 6.8 0.2
Temperature (°C) 49.0 0.2 49.2 0.9 55.1 19.9 53.3 4.7 52.4 4.0 38.3 1.8 34.0 0.4 OTU richness 184.5 9.2 198.5 31.8 46.5 6.4 272.5 72.8 236.0 17.0 1120.0 100.4 841.0 9.9 Shannon index 2.5 0.2 2.5 0.2 1.7 0.1 3.1 0.4 2.9 0.2 4.4 0.7 4.1 0.5 Aquificota (%) 23.2 3.1 24.9 5.5 4.0 5.3 27.0 2.4 27.8 7.5 16.8 12.3 11.8 13.9 Bacteroidota (%) 1.9 0.1 2.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 5.6 2.5 2.9 0.2 9.9 7.2 18.6 14.2 Chlorobiota (%) 1.4 0.1 2.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 5.5 5.6 3.2 2.8 1.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 Cyanobacteria (%) 7.4 9.1 10.2 11.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 14.1 9.2 11.7 4.4 3.6 3.7 4.4 Euryarchaeota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Parcubacteria (%) 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.9 2.4 1.4 0.8 0.3 Pseudomonadota (%) 63.2 11.1 57.8 13.6 36.9 51.9 35.7 4.6 52.4 13.3 52.6 7.0 56.1 3.4 Thermoproteota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.1 55.9 6.3 8.8 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1
172
Table C.7 - Variation in physicochemistry, alpha diversity and taxon relative abundance of Waikite geothermal features. Variation is presented as standard deviation (SD) from the mean of values measured for pH, temperature (°C), OTU richness, Shannon diversity index, and dominant taxa (>1 % average relative abundance across all samples in this category). Alpha diversity and relative abundances of taxa were calculated via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from these ecosystems.
Geothermal feature Waikite Waikite Waikite Waikite Waikite Pig Big
Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 8 Scorcher Spring
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
pH 8.4 0.1 8.3 0.2 8.3 0.2 7.9 0.4 8.1 0.6 7.2 0.1 7.5 0.0
Temperature (°C) 40.4 2.8 42.4 3.5 67.3 2.1 37.6 13.5 35.6 10.3 92.3 4.5 95.5 1.4 OTU richness 958.8 272.6 1291.3 301.7 844.8 138.5 1529.8 800.4 1750.8 758.7 200.3 71.7 347.5 89.8
Shannon index 4.5 0.6 4.9 0.6 4.8 0.3 5.5 0.8 5.6 1.1 2.0 1.0 3.9 0.0
Aquificota (%) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.5 19.3 45.6 1.8
Bacillota (%) 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 4.2 3.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.8 6.4
Bacteria (%) 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.3 1.7 0.3 3.2 2.3 1.5 1.3 2.0 3.2 0.6 0.0
Bacteroidota (%) 10.4 2.7 10.2 2.7 22.0 5.8 17.0 15.9 14.7 7.3 0.7 0.5 4.9 2.8
Chlamydiota (%) 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.5 2.8 1.9 3.0 2.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4
Chlorobiota (%) 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 5.2 6.7 2.4 2.1 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.4
Chloroflexota (%) 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 5.9 5.8 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.6
Cyanobacteria (%) 10.0 7.6 5.3 4.5 2.6 4.5 6.9 7.9 2.5 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.1
Deinococcota (%) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.4 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 12.0 16.1 8.1 3.5
Parcubacteria (%) 1.4 1.0 2.3 1.8 6.0 1.9 9.2 9.9 8.0 9.4 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.0
Planctomycetota (%) 1.3 0.7 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 Pseudomonadota (%) 65.9 10.5 68.0 10.9 27.6 7.0 39.6 20.4 52.8 12.4 3.2 2.4 22.5 9.8 Verrucomicrobiota (%) 2.3 1.4 2.9 1.2 1.6 0.9 4.8 4.7 2.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.5
Woesearchaeota (%) 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2
173
Table C.8 - Variation in physicochemistry, alpha diversity and taxon relative abundance of geothermal features across the pH range. Variation is presented as standard deviation (SD) from the mean of values measured for pH, temperature (°C), OTU richness, Shannon diversity index, and dominant taxa (>1 % average relative abundance across all samples in this category). Alpha diversity and relative abundances of taxa were calculated via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from these ecosystems.
pH group 3 3 3 5 5 5
Geothermal feature Whakarewarewa Whakarewarewa Te Puia Waiotapu No.16 Artist's Palette Kuirau Park Feature 53 Feature 51 Feature 11 Feature 1 Feature 1 Feature 60
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
pH 3.0 0.1 4.1 0.6 2.5 0.1 4.7 0.2 4.8 0.1 5.0 0.3
Temperature (°C) 56.0 4.0 64.9 4.4 64.8 2.5 66.7 1.2 66.2 4.1 54.3 5.7
OTU richness 35.0 5.7 32.0 9.4 19.8 3.0 35.0 2.8 69.8 16.8 96.3 26.8
Shannon index 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.3 1.1 0.1 1.1 0.2 1.4 0.2 1.9 0.1
Aquificota (%) 21.1 33.1 24.1 20.2 0.6 0.5 86.1 6.3 80.8 11.1 46.6 24.7
Armatimonadota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bacteroidota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Deinococcota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euryarchaeota (%) 11.0 7.5 22.5 12.6 5.1 5.0 3.8 2.3 3.7 1.8 1.1 0.8
Pseudomonadota (%) 59.5 27.9 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 2.7 49.0 24.4
Thermodesulfobacteriota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Thermoproteota (%) 0.1 0.2 49.7 33.6 89.7 6.2 10.0 4.4 13.0 10.9 0.3 0.1
Thermotogota (%) 8.0 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3
174
pH group 7 7 7 9 9 9
Geothermal feature Whangapoa Kuirau Park Kuirau Park Whakarewarewa Whakarewarewa Ohaaki Feature 1 Feature 87 Feature 101 Feature 45 Feature 1 Feature 2
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
pH 7.3 0.2 6.8 0.2 7.2 0.1 8.8 0.1 8.2 0.3 8.8 0.3
Temperature (°C) 62.8 1.7 60.6 2.6 69.9 1.8 66.1 2.0 70.7 8.6 67.4 2.3
OTU richness 120.8 18.7 276.4 89.4 121.3 32.8 216.2 30.1 116.8 28.8 49.8 19.5
Shannon index 2.5 0.4 2.4 0.7 2.1 0.6 3.2 0.1 2.4 0.4 1.2 0.4
Aquificota (%) 3.8 0.7 71.7 12.4 74.8 7.3 35.6 5.2 39.3 28.2 73.2 42.3
Armatimonadota (%) 28.0 10.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6
Bacteroidota (%) 9.5 6.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.3 2.0 2.9 0.3 0.2
Deinococcota (%) 38.0 16.1 1.0 1.3 10.4 9.1 5.6 3.3 33.1 27.3 19.5 33.5
Euryarchaeota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Pseudomonadota (%) 6.0 4.0 4.0 1.9 1.0 0.8 29.3 7.6 3.9 3.4 1.4 0.9
Thermodesulfobacteriota (%) 0.1 0.0 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.2 11.4 2.9 9.2 5.0 3.0 5.5
Thermoproteota (%) 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 7.7 5.4 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
Thermotogota (%) 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 5.8 1.8 2.8 1.3 0.3 0.4
175